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Cell Surface Proteins

Certain cell surface proteins can be highly expressed in advanced/metastatic NSCLC and other tumors and have been associated with proliferation and metastasis. These cell surface proteins include TROP2, CEACAM5, NECTIN-4, and B7-H3.17-21

TROP2

The surface glycoprotein trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (TROP2) is a signal transducer that regulates intracellular calcium levels. Preclinical evidence suggests that TROP2 promotes cell proliferation, cell survival, invasion, and metastasis. TROP2 has been found to be highly expressed in NSCLC. Emerging evidence suggests that high expression of TROP2 is associated with poor prognosis in many patients with NSCLC.17,22-25

Emerging evidence suggests an association of TROP2 with these additional cancers. This list is not exhaustive.17,26

CEACAM5

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)‑related cell adhesion molecule 5 (CEACAM5) has been found to be upregulated in NSCLC relative to normal cells in vitro. CEACAM5 plays an important regulatory role in cell adhesion, invasion, and metastasis and is highly expressed in many carcinomas. While evidence of CEACAM5's association with patient prognosis in NSCLC is limited, one study found a correlation between CEACAM5 expression and T‑cell division, lymph invasion, and histological grade.27

Emerging evidence suggests an association of CEACAM5 with these additional cancers. This list is not exhaustive.27

NECTIN-4

Nectin cell adhesion molecule 4 (NECTIN‑4) is involved in cell adhesion and is upregulated in various cancer tissues, including NSCLC. Preclinical studies suggest that NECTIN‑4 may play a role in NSCLC cell growth and invasion. While the evidence supporting NECTIN‑4 is limited, one study reported that high NECTIN‑4 expression was correlated with shorter survival times in patients with NSCLC.19,28

Emerging evidence suggests an association of NECTIN-4 with these additional cancers. This list is not exhaustive.19,28

B7-H3

B7‑H3 protein is widely expressed in various malignancies, including NSCLC, and preclinical evidence suggests that B7‑H3 plays a role in cancer progression, immune evasion, cancer cell migration, and angiogenesis. While evidence is limited, two articles have correlated high B7‑H3 protein expression with poor survival in NSCLC.20,21

Emerging evidence suggests an association of B7-H3 with these additional cancers. This list is not exhaustive.20,21